EOTO Online Influencers

 While listening to the EOTO presentations of my classmates I was very intrigued to learn so much about awareness, mediasphere, theories, and policy. One that stood out to me was in the mediasphere the topic of online influencers. Online influencers have taken over the world of social media. Online Influencers are creators who use social media platforms to create a brand and image for themselves using their own creativity. They make regular posts about different topics to generate a large following of people. Online influencers can even make a living and get paid for uploading videos or pictures and just doing what they love. 

Many positives come with being an online influencer. For example, they get brand deals, and brand ambassadors, make money, raise brand awareness and increase brand sales. These influencers also typically grow a big following and live a life similar to a celebrity by simply expressing themselves online. Influencers also help build trust and credibility as well as broaden a brand's audience when promoting their products. Social media has become a fun and interactive way for influencers to grow with an audience to inspire.

While there are many positives of online influencers but as there are positives, negatives typically seem to follow behind them. Some influencers unintentionally promote unhealthy habits, affect mental health, and could damage a brand's reputation. None of this is intentional but sometimes people watching their videos will start to think differently of themselves or try to live more like the influencers. There can also be a lot of competition between the influencers with what they post and how many likes they get. Unfortunately, most of the time influencers receive haters and hate comments in form of bullying. This can be hard for influences to take in and please everyone. Although influencers can experience hardships on social media, so many influencers have impacted our society today. Influencers have inspired young people to follow their passions and dreams and have role models to look up to. Influencers are gaining new marketing opportunities and impacting how they communicate and network. Influencers have become a huge part of our society today and I truly believe there are so many inspirational influencers out there that have changed someone's life for the better. 

Propaganda

  Propaganda is statements or ideas that are often false or exaggerated. Typically these statements are spread to help the government, leaders, cause, etc. These statements can influence or even change someone's views or attitude towards a specific cause. 

There are two types of propaganda: those with a positive message and negative. ​​Although when people hear propaganda they think of it as someone bad there are times when it's positively promoted. Organizations like the government or news can promote positive messages and lifestyles. For example, messages about drunk driving, drug use, the effects of smoking, healthy eating habits, violence against women, and vaccine programs are often spread through propaganda. Propaganda can also be used to promote unity, cooperation, and community through people during conflicts. For example, this propaganda against smoking states “About 440,000 Americans die each year from disease related to smoking. 90% of them started as teen smokers”, which “Smoking Kills” a supposedly unconscious human. This was hopefully made to try to convince people to stop smoking and be safer. Positive propaganda can initially be used to promote positive change in society. 

While there is some positive propaganda being promoted throughout the world there is usually a lot more negative. Propaganda can be used negatively to cause damage and demolishment. Negative propaganda can be used as a very powerful weapon during the war. This type of propaganda can create hatred towards enemies by creating a false image of the opposing country or nation in the minds of the people. Negative propaganda can affect the way we teach information to others. Degrading disinformation about a group or the history of a certain country could be promoted in the education system by using the media to create and navigate false information. A real-world example of negative propaganda was while under Hitler's rule the German government used propaganda to favor and try to promote nazism. Another example of negative propaganda is during World War II, stating “More toolie you crackie… More Happie Jappie… Nations Fall When Workers Stall” a 1940's US anti-Japanese propaganda. The United States used propaganda to try and convince people to support the war by joining it, saving material goods and food, and buying war bonds. This was done by initiating hatred for the enemy.

Propaganda can affect society as a whole because some may believe one thing while others would disagree. This could cause an uproar in protests or arguments due to the opinions of others. Negative propaganda can cause fear and strong either agreeance or disagreement by the people. For example, the Nazi propaganda some seeing it as a way to promote nazism while others' lives were being torn apart by people believing the propaganda and wanting to join it. However, positive propaganda can be used to help promote positive and change society. Many propaganda posters are improving and can change one's views for the good. For example the “We Can Do It!” poster by J. Howard Miller in 1943, promoted feminism and is a symbol of women's empowerment. This is an inspiring poster that positively impacts society. Another very famous propaganda poster was the “I want you” recruitment poster by Leslie’s Weekly on July 6, 1916. This poster represents strength and a sense of urgency to encourage the citizens of the United States to join the war effort. Posters like these are impactful and change the way society is as a whole. I would say there are many propagandas representing different segments in different ways, some of which people would find offensive or discriminating. Posters reflecting different segments could be very offensive to some and impact one opinion on the matter. Listed below are a few examples of each. 

Rich/Poor: This poster was German propaganda criticizing American World War I tactics. The saying “Rich Mans War! Poor Man's Fight!” Could be interpreted in many ways and for me, I see it almost as during the war the poor had to fight to survive and get the necessities they needed while the rich were prepared and wealthy enough to 

provide for themselves. Almost as if stating the rich were stronger and better than the poor.

Old/Young: This poster is trying to encourage mothers to keep their children out of London. As you can see Hitler appears as a ghostly figure in the back trying to get her to take her children back home. 

female/male: This propaganda was used for gender in first world war propaganda. Shows the wives telling their husbands to join the war while they stay back.  

Gay/Straight: This propaganda is negatively impacting those of the LGBT stating they are dirty and a “walking disease”, which is something you should never call someone no matter their sexuality. 

Minority/Majority: This 1942 World War II propaganda poster, titled This is the Enemy, circulated in the United States following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour. Its purpose was to express the entire Japanese nation as a ruthless and animalistic enemy that needed to be defeated. 

Propaganda could influence my opinions on certain topics. Not only myself but many people nowadays are always on the internet, on social media, and watching the news. Social media websites are always posting new information and I would like some of its usual propaganda. There are many people o this world that want to show their opinions online and try and make people believe one way over the other. For example, I always get ads about different websites or brands that say you can get benefits from them. When in reality you'll go to these websites and it's trying to make you pay all this money or it wouldn't even have what the post was promoting. Nowadays so many people believe so much about what they see online that people think they wouldn't notice the propaganda being promoted. 

Invasion of Privacy Through Technology

                                          

I was very fascinated to learn about all so many ways our privacy could be taken through our technology without us even realizing it. Every time you’re on the phone someone could be listening on the other line and I know a lot of people that will give crucial information through the phone clueless about whose listening. Posting on social media could also play a big role in our privacy. Social Media sites can see what you post and hackers could even leak or take personal information or pictures that were saved through the app. Facial recognition was another big one. Nowadays our face has facial recognition and most online websites could identify anything and anyone. This could even result in their records and personal information being online. This could drastically affect me, my friends and my family, and our safety. Unfortunately, there are so many people out there that would go above and beyond to try to steal someone's personal information or try to hack them. This is so scary to think that someone so small as our phones could hold the power of relaxing our privacy without us knowing if we’re not careful. 

To protect ourselves from invasions of our privacy there are many precautions we can take to safely use the internet. For starters, It's important to limit the personal information you share on social media. Try to fill out as much information without giving away too much information. Use a virtual private network service when connecting to wifi. Most places will be able to see everything you do online when connected to their website. Make sure to be careful where you click and to avoid clicking on “scam” emails. In some cases, the scam emails we get could be hackers just trying to get your information. Another big thing is to always password secure everything. Especially with a strong password that wouldn't be guessed by most people.  

The Diffusion Theory

 The Diffusion Theory is stated to be a theory that inquires to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology are spread. Once the first smartphone was debated almost everyone had it… 1.9 million people to be exact, according to Appleinsider William Gallagher. I truly think some people don't think having all this technology is so crucial to their lives. For example, my grandparents just got a smartphone this year and rarely use it. They don't find it as selfless as our generation does. My grandparents have their landline phone and computer and they state that's all they need. Nowadays without generation technology is everything and everywhere. We’ve become so used to having everything we need with the touch of a finger. Phones have become our personal computers that have everything and do everything for us. 

 I would say the positives of having social media apps like Instagram and Facebook are that they are a great way to discover new things and ideas. I truly would say I’ve learned many different things on social media apps that I don't get taught in school. Social Media is a great way to stay connected with friends and family as well as very quick access to information and research. There are many options for content discovery, online learning, and job skills. Many people also can become involved in civic engagement like fundraising, social awareness, and providing a voice for themselves. However, while social media may seem to appear so great there are some negatives. Many people compare themeless to what they see online and in most cases, it's not even real. This can cause self-image issues and people to feel insecure while seeing other people's lives. Social media has become addicting and has increased the usage of people on their smartphones which truly isn't good for their health. Many people also get fear missing out while seeing people live lives they wish they could. I truly think some people simply don't think there's a need for it all. The internet and a way of communication could be all they need. The same goes for social media. Our generation seems to rely on social media as their source of communication. It would say it's taken over people's lives. I don't see a need for everyone's lives to revolve around social media. 

While there are many positives and negatives I would say the initiatives outweigh the positives. There's a lot of cyberbullying through social media and self-image issues and social media can impact one's mental health and wellbeing. There are so many other ways to produce content or find new ideas. The internet for example is a perfect way to look for jobs, advertise for oneself, and do most of what social media would be. I think to weigh the cost-benefit analysis with new communication technology it's important to argue the right decision and why it's important.  Many people have different opinions on social media and believe they have different effects on one another. Social media truly is what you make of it and although there are a lot of positives there are quite a few negatives that could follow. 

EOTO Technology presentations: Drones

 I got the opportunity to learn about many different technologies throughout the years and how they've impacted communication. One that stood out to me was drones. When I think of drones I think of small aircraft controlled by remotes and people. However, drones have seemed to advance throughout the years. Drones were used as military weapons for many years upon influencing communication. Drones have become such a unique way for journalists to capture images and videos at angles we never could before. However, I learned some disadvantages come with it such as environmental hazards. Drones have now been used for news to broadcasts to unreachable places and reach new outlets. Drones have also been used as ways to carry information from one place to another more efficiently. For example, Walmart was using drone services to deliver their packages to homes in a faster and more efficient way. Nowadays many people use drones as cameras to capture heights a human camera could never reach. A lot of movies and music videos use drone production to capture amazing footage. Drones have advanced immensely. Drones are also now used for aerial photography for journalism, film, and real estate, as well as express shipping and delivery. Drones are used for gathering information or supplying essentials for disaster management. Drones could also save someone's life with easier access to search and rescue operations. I think it's so cool that we can have these drones as a way to communicate and see places we never thought we could.

Mainstream news and the lack of antiwar news being broadcasted

 I would say it seems mainstream news only likes to broadcast things they find important and want people to hear about. I will say this is the first time I’ve ever seen an antiwar website. I think the news only shows what they want to see. War has been a thing my entire life and for some, it seems to be a regular thing. Sadly, the war has been almost normalized as something that we hear about and are aware is happening all around the world. Maybe even something people couldn't picture a life without it. I will say I think the mainstream news sites should talk about antiwar and the idea of it to broaden the views of others. Going through these antiwar websites was very eye-opening. My entire life I’ve never heard and seen anything about antiwar. It was very fascinating to listen to what someone had to say about it. The websites were full of many information and ideas I didn't even know about. This website seemed to be full of many different facts and resources. The websites appeared to be very well thought out and descriptive. I truly believe big mainstream news tries to stay out of war drama to prevent big outcomes. For example, this could arise protests and more people against the war, maybe even some people not wanting to join the war. However, I do think mainstream news sites should talk about it and not gatekeep that opinion. Many people just want peace in this world, however, it's difficult to maintain that peace in America when there have been many wars all throughout the world. As much as the mainstream news includes almost everything going on in the world, there definitely is some propaganda being broadcasted. Either way there is much information on pro-war and antiwar in the world even when we don’t hear about it all. It was very eye-opening to read about a side of war that I’ve never been educated on. 

The Smartphone

 The first smartphone was invented in 2007 by Steve Jobs and soon became a world phenomenon users can’t live without. The first debut of this life-changing phone was on January 9th, 2007 at the Macworld convention in San Francisco. Jobs' exact words about the new phone being, “An iPod, a phone, and an Internet communicator. An iPod, a phone … Are you getting it? These are not three separate devices, this is one device, and we are calling it iPhone.” (Jobs) While Steve Jobs seems to state being the first inventor of the modern smartphone we use today, Frank Canova was the first to lay claim to the title of the smartphone with his device in 1992. Canova claimed his idea of this smartphone, a wireless hand-held device to be “the phone of the future”. Canova demonstrated his prototype at the November 1992 COMDEX technology trade show in Las Vegas. On August 16, 1994, his product went on sale to the public. His smartphone was sold for only $899 with a two-year contract to BellSouth. 

The features of this smartphone included a touchscreen, a PCMCIA expansion slot, and multiple apps that included a calculator, address book, fax, calendar, mail, to-do, and a notepad. The battery only lasted for an hour and its large size, 8” H x 2.5” W x 1.5” D had limited the sales to only 50,000 units. And because of this, it resulted in the product being pulled from the market only after 6 months of being on the market.

            

When Steve Jobs released his new and improved iPhone, thousands of customers lined up at Apple Stores all across the country to purchase the iPhone. By November 2007 more than 1.4 million iPhones had been sold. The invention of the year was a 4.8-ounce device, originally available in 4 GB, a $499 model, and an 8 GB, $599 model. It was a revolutionary phenomenon for the technology industry. The features of the Jobs iPhone were the phone, weather, notes, calendar, photos, and a calculator. Similar to Canova's phone but more modern and advanced for the time being. This phone also has a touchscreen unlike the other. The iPhone is a combination of a computer, iPod, digital camera, and cellular phone all into one device with a touchscreen interface. This iPhone was created to combine all these devices into one handled device that people could take with them everywhere. 

The first iPhone laid down the foundation for the modern smartphone we use now. This pocket-sized computer is a necessity for all and contains everything you could need in the palm of your hand. The iPhone was the first modern smartphone that turned all of us into photographers, put the internet in our pockets, and shaped modern social media. Now more than 5 billion people around the world are using these handheld smartphone devices on a daily basis according to estimates from GSMA Intelligence. 

The smartphone changed the game of communication by becoming a handheld communicator device that people could take with them everywhere. No more wires, or antennas to help capture the best cell signals. This iPhone changed how we communicate and made it so much easier for us. The only negative effect of the iPhone would be the addiction that comes with it. 75.4 of users of the iPhone would state they have become “addicted “ to their iPhones (Reviews.org, 2020). It seems as if our generation can't go without their iPhone and personally I would say the same. My iPhone has become the first thing I use in the morning to the last thing I use before I go to bed. It has become an addictive tool that is only advancing as the years go on.